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Respiratory Disease

Nasal Irrigation solution

What is the best nasal irrigation solution?

By Rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis can be relieved by nasal washing.

There are two kinds of nasal wash liquid, namely isotonic and hypertonic nasal wash.
Isotonic nasal wash is actually 0.9% normal saline. The high permeability nasal irrigation fluid is brine concentration higher than 0.9%.

Hypertonic nasal irrigation fluid is usually used to relieve nasal mucosal swelling caused by blocked.
Because the low water potential of the salt water can dehydrate human cells and play a role in reducing swelling. The principle is similar to that of salting meat to dehydrate and preserve it.
But it can not be used for a long time, otherwise it will cause damage to the nasal mucosa.

No matter what kind of nasal wash, its principle is through the way of flushing. Reduce pathogenic bacteria and viruses in the nasal cavity.

At the same time, it reduces the formation of bacteria-prone environments such as mucus. Nasal irrigation can also improve ciliary function. Reduce mucosal edema, reduce the level of inflammatory factors.

Hypertonic nose wash.

NI3030 nasal washer matched with 1.8% lotion 0 drug 0 hormone, has no pharmacological effect. The ingredients cannot be absorbed by the human body and will not cause long-term effects by staying in the body. It contains β-glucan, sodium chloride and sodium pyruvate.

β-glucan

  • Activate macrophages by regulating cytokine expression
  • Enhance the immunity of immune cells to bacteria and viruses
  • Promote the migration of fibroblasts to accelerate wound healing

Sodium chloride

  • 1.8% hypertonic: international standard hypertonic solution, reduce swelling

Pyruvic acid sodium

  • Sodium pyruvate participates in glucose metabolism, provides energy for cells and promotes the movement of nasal mucosa cilia
  • Improve cell hypoxia tolerance and enhance oxidative metabolism
  • Strong antioxidant effect
Nasal Irrigation solution

Saline

Saline is most gentle to the nasal mucosa. It can also effectively suppress inflammation in the nasal cavity. Adjust the environment inside the nasal cavity.

If you want to configure your own saline, note the following:

  1. If you want to configure your own nasal wash. Recommend that you go to the pharmacy to buy special nasal salt, do not use edible salt.
  2. The water configured with normal saline cannot be directly used with tap water. Mainly because tap water has a pH of 6.5-8.5. And tap water contains more impurities. Does not meet the “mild” requirement of nasal cleanser. In addition, minerals in mineral water may also cause discomfort in people with sensitive nasal passages. Therefore, it is best to use bottled purified water.
  3. Nasal irrigation is not disinfectant after all. For a long time, all kinds of bacteria can survive and reproduce in it. So use salt water when you need it.
nasal irrigation

how to do nasal irrigation?

By Rhinitis

What is a Nasal irrigation?

Nasal irrigation is to rinse the necrosis and secretions in the nasopharyngeal cavity.
The advantage is that it can reduce the short-term complications of the nasopharyngeal cavity after radiotherapy. And prevention of long-term complications

Steps for Nasal Irrigation:

  1. Buy the right sinus rinse machine.
  2. Prepare a water cup or prepared rinse solution, gauze or towel.
  3. Rinse next to the sink. Lean forward a little 30 degrees, and lower your head a little, and wash one nostril each time, alternately. When rinsing, do not use too much force, and let the water flow out of the opposite nostril or mouth. Rinse for no less than 1 minute each time, 3-4 times a day.
nasal Irrigation

What are the benefits of insisting on nasal irrigation?

  • Rinse the nasal cavity to flush out nasal secretions, allergens, bacteria, viruses, etc. The nasal mucosa can be kept clean and moist.
  • Rinsing the nasal cavity can reduce radiation damage to the nasal mucosa and relieve discomfort. Promotes normal mucosal repair.
  • Rinsing the nasal cavity significantly reduces the incidence of sinusitis and nasal adhesions.
  • Rinsing the nasal cavity can help shrink the turbinates and effectively relieve nasal congestion caused by rhinitis or sinusitis. Relieve symptoms such as nasal congestion, headache, and headache, and improve the quality of life.

Nasal Rinse Before & After

nasal

Nasal irrigation Tips:

  • When rinsing, avoid excessive force. Otherwise, it is easy to damage the nasal mucosa, resulting in epistaxis. Or it can cause water to enter the Eustachian tube. There may be inflammation of the Eustachian tube, and even fluid accumulation in the middle ear cavity.
  • When flushing the right nasal cavity, flush water through the right nasal cavity. Make the water flow out of the left nasal cavity to make the flushing more adequate. Alternate flushing of the two nasal cavities can make bilateral nasal flushing cleaner. Flush the secretions out completely.
  • When rinsing, the temperature and concentration of the rinsing liquid should be avoided to be too high or too low. Rinse with room temperature water and choose a suitable rinsing solution under the guidance of a doctor.
  • When rinsing, do not speak, do not swallow, and breathe through your mouth.
  • After rinsing, be sure to clean the rinser and let it dry naturally. And store in a clean and dry environment. Regularly clean and replace the nasal irrigation device according to the instructions for use.
Intelligent control mode of air humidifier

The best humidifier for kids

By Asthma, COPD, Flu, Respiratory Disease, Rhinitis

In the dry autumn and winter seasons, many babies will have problems such as dry skin and sore throat. If the indoor air humidity is 40% to 60%, the baby will feel comfortable. If the air humidity is lower than 30%, the indoor inhalable particulate matter increases, and it is easy for the baby to catch a cold.

What are the best humidifiers for kids?

1. Humidification method

It is recommended to choose a natural humidifier. Its working principle is to accelerate the evaporation rate of liquid water through physical methods through the humidification medium inside the machine and the fan, so as to achieve the purpose of humidification.

Natural humidifiers do not produce water mist. Can be humidified with tap water. This avoids the production of toxic substances such as white powder, which endanger the health of the baby.

When choosing a natural humidification method, you should also pay attention to the material of the internal humidification medium. Do not choose some materials that are easy to breed bacteria.

No matter which humidifier you use, you should also pay attention to humidity control. In a room with a baby, the humidity should be between 35% and 55%. In addition, because babies have different constitutions. If you have uncomfortable symptoms such as coughing, you must first determine whether it is caused by humidification.

2. The size of the noise

Generally speaking, it is 25 to 45 decibels, which is a relatively quiet environment. Like a mosquito flying past my ear. This environment is suitable for rest and more suitable for work. If it exceeds 55 decibels, it is not suitable for quiet work. This is to be selected on a case-by-case basis.

3. Aseptic method

Humidifiers need to be cleaned regularly. For example, ultrasonic humidifiers if they are not cleaned regularly. Microorganisms such as mold inside the humidifier will also enter the air with the mist. And then into the baby’s respiratory tract. It is easy for the baby to suffer from “humidification pneumonia”.

Therefore, the humidifier must be cleaned or replaced on a regular basis. Electrode humidification also needs to replace the electrode barrel. If you don’t want the hassle of regular cleaning. It is recommended to install a natural humidifier with metal material as the humidifying medium. Automatic water up and down. There is no hassle of frequent cleaning.

How long should I use a humidifier for my baby?

If the humidity is below 30%. Baby’s skin is very dry and has static electricity. You can use a humidifier. Continue to observe the humidity level at the same time. Once it reaches more than 50%. The humidifier can be turned off.

It is especially recommended that the humidifier should use distilled water to avoid excessive bacteria. Generally, it is better to open at night, about an hour.

All in all, best humidifier suitable for kids should meet the following conditions:

  • Natural humidifier, can use tap water, can observe humidity 35% to 55%
  • Noise is controlled between 25 and 45 decibels
  • Easy to clean with timing function

How to choose the best humidifier for kids and children from 4 types of humidifiers?

  • Cold evaporative humidifier (without heater)
  • Steam humidifier (with heating, steam)
  • Hybrid humidifier (cold evaporation + steam)
  • Ultrasonic humidifier
living room with humidity

What are the 4 types of humidifiers?

By Asthma, COPD, Flu, Rhinitis

In recent years, the demand for humidifiers has been increasing, and the market has continued to expand. There are more and more brands of humidifiers. Faced with a dazzling array of products, it is not easy for consumers to choose.

Humidifiers operate on 4 basic principles, and different features are suitable for different groups of people. After reading this article, I believe it will be of great help to you in choosing a humidifier.

According to the working principle, humidifiers can be roughly divided into these 4 types:

● Cold evaporative humidifier (without heater)
● Steam humidifier (with heating, steam)
● Hybrid humidifier (cold evaporation + steam)
● Ultrasonic humidifier

Cold Evaporative Humidifier

The principle of the cold evaporative humidifier is to let the water soak the filter element, and the water on the filter element is vaporized by the rotation of the wind wheel, which is also the fog-free humidifier on the market.

Advantages of cold evaporative humidifiers

1、Because there is a filter element inside, it can remove calcium and magnesium ions and various impurities in the water, and will not bring the impurities in the water into the air, and will not leave “white powder” on the surface of the furniture. There is almost no risk for people with sensitive respiratory tracts. This is also the closest humidification method to natural evaporation.

2、Humidify evenly. The mist particles from the ultrasonic humidifier are relatively large, so they settle soon after being blown out from the air outlet, resulting in a relatively small coverage radius. Evaporative humidifiers can spread relatively evenly throughout the room.

3、Since the evaporative humidifier does not need to be heated, electricity is only used for fan operation, so it is relatively power-saving.

Disadvantages of cold evaporative humidifiers

1、The humidification air volume is usually relatively small, and the effect is often limited when humidifying a large room

2、Because of the filter, it is easier to breed bacteria than other types of humidifiers, and there is a risk of spreading into the air. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to clean and even disinfect once a week. In addition, if you choose this type of humidifier, it is recommended to use tap water, the residual chlorine in the water can play a role in inhibiting bacteria.

Ultrasonic humidifier

This is the most common type of humidifier on the market.

Ultrasonic humidifiers are systems that vibrate ultrasonic waves to make water into particles and blow them into the air. It has a simple structure and is mainly composed of a water tank and a vibrating device, with low cost and low power consumption.

All-round humidification AH001

Disadvantages of Ultrasonic Humidifiers

1、Ultrasound will diffuse the minerals contained in the water into the air through vibration, and a layer of white powder will easily adhere to the furniture floor in the room. The human body will also inhale these suspended substances into the respiratory tract. Although it is not harmful, if there are sensitive people at home, there are certain hidden dangers.

2、Indoor humidification is uneven. Because the water mist particles generated by ultrasonic waves are relatively large, it is difficult for the fan that comes with the machine to spread them farther.

3、When cleaning the humidifier, users often find that there is a layer of greasy substance in the water tank, which is actually the so-called bacterial film layer. If the machine is not cleaned in time, bacteria such as Legionella can grow and spread easily into the air, which can lead to pneumonia.
Therefore, in principle, it should be avoided in environments where newborns and the elderly live.

Steam Humidifier

As the name suggests, steam humidifiers humidify the air by evaporating water through an electric heating device. The steam humidifier is the fastest humidifier among the four humidifiers, and it is also the cleanest.

Advantages of steam humidifiers

1、Because the electric heating device in the steam humidifier can heat the water to boiling and turn it into steam, it also plays the role of cleaning the humidifier.

2、Compared with the ultrasonic humidifier, the heating method will not diffuse impurities into the air, and there is no hidden danger of “white powder”.

Disadvantages of steam humidifiers

1、Since the steam humidifier has an electric heating device, the power consumption is relatively large. There are products with a power consumption of about 300 W to 500 W, which can generate electricity bills that can reach ten times that of an evaporative humidifier.

2、In the steam humidifier, high-temperature steam will be generated, so be sure to avoid the air outlet when using it.

3、Because of the high humidification capacity, if the humidity is not controlled and the humidification is excessive, the room will be too humid. Therefore, a humidifier with automatic humidity adjustment function should be selected as far as possible.
4、If non-pure water is used, the steam humidifier will produce serious scale during the heating process, including calcium, iron, magnesium and other impurities will adhere to the heating device. Therefore, it is very important to clean the scale regularly. Once the scale adheres, the humidification capacity will decrease due to the deterioration of thermal efficiency, abnormal heat generation, and increase in electricity costs.
It is recommended to use pure water for steam humidifiers.

Hybrid (cold evaporative + steam) humidifier

As the name suggests, a hybrid humidifier is a cold evaporative humidifier that includes a heater.

When the humidity is already relatively low, the heating device can be activated to start rapid steam humidification, and when the humidity tends to be ideal, cold evaporative humidification is used. This is a type of steam humidifier that combines the high humidification capacity, which is the advantage of a steam humidifier, into a cold evaporative model, fully compensating for the amount of humidification required at the start of humidification.

Hybrid humidification combines the advantages of a steam humidifier with the advantages of a vaporizing humidifier. It can not only increase the humidity in the room evenly and without fog, at the same time, the heating device also plays the role of cleaning the machine, and the power consumption is not as high as that of the pure steam humidifier. It can be said to be the most ideal humidifier.

Vapor from humidifier in front of window
nasal irrigation

Do nasal irrigation really work?

By Rhinitis

For cold nasal congestion, rhinitis, sinusitis and adenoid hypertrophy patients. Doctors recommend that the first choice of treatment is nasal irrigation.
At the time of COVID-19, professional medical practitioners recommend that healthy people also strengthen nasal irrigation.

Nasal irrigation can avoid part of the cough and nasal dryness.

Cough and nasal dryness can be relieved not only by humidifier, but also by nasal irrigation and nasal spray.

Many times, the snot backs up into the throat and becomes difficult to swallow, causing throat discomfort and coughing.
Infants and young children, in particular, cannot control the snot blowing or backs up.

Nasal irrigation, usually salt water irrigation. By rinsing the nasal cavity, it can clean, promote patency, and reduce inflammation.
nasal irrigation2
nasal irrigation 3

The 6 major clinical significance of :

  • Relieve the congestion in the nasal cavity.
  • Promote the repair of normal respiratory function in the nasal cavity.
  • Easily remove nasal secretions.
  • Restore and promote the normal function of nasal cilia.
  • Avoid Long-term use of antihistamines, hormones and other rhinitis drugs, because it will cause a burden on the body.
  • Long-term nasal irrigation can avoid the accumulation of pathogenic factors in the nasal cavity.

BH CARE Nasal Irrigation Kit

Respiratory

What are the most obvious symptoms of respiratory disease?

By Respiratory Disease

Cough - the most common symptom of respiratory illness

Coughing is a reflex or voluntary, sudden, explosive breathing action to clear material from the airways.

Common causes of acute cough include:

  • Upper respiratory tract infection
  • Postnasal drip syndrome
  • Acute exacerbation of chronic
  • Obstructive pulmonary disease
  • Lung infection

Common causes of chronic cough include:

  • Chronic bronchitis
  • Postnasal drip syndrome
  • Cough after infection
  • Gastroesophageal reflux syndrome and lung tumors

Cough up blood

Coughing up blood can also involve the cardiovascular system, blood disorders, and other systemic diseases. A small amount of hemoptysis is blood in the sputum, and a large amount is 300-600ml in 24 hours.
The amount of hemoptysis is small when the bronchial mucosa and lung congest.
Lung cancer is mostly blood in the sputum or a small amount of hemoptysis.

The following diseases cause massive hemoptysis:

  • Bronchiectasis
  • Bronchial mucosal ulcer
  • Bronchoarterial fistula
  • Bronchial artery disease
  • Tuberculosis cavitary aneurysm rupture

Excessive hemoptysis can cause airway obstruction and suffocation, which is life-threatening;

Dyspnea - acute, chronic and recurrent.

There are three types of dyspnea: inspiratory, expiratory, and mixed.
Dyspnea often develops rapidly with massive pneumothorax and pleural effusion.
Chronic bronchitis and COPD usually take several years or even more than 20 years to experience breathing difficulties.
Asthma presents with recurrent episodes of dyspnea. And accompanied by wheezing, laryngeal edema, laryngeal or airway inflammation.
Tumors or foreign bodies cause upper airway stenosis, manifesting as inspiratory dyspnea accompanied by stridor.
Chronic bronchitis, COPD and bronchial asthma present with expiratory dyspnea.
Obstructive pulmonary disease Deep breathing, restrictive lung disease. Such as pulmonary fibrosis, shallow breathing;

Chest pain

Soft tissue or rib pain is a superficial pain.
Manifested as thoracic trauma, rib fracture, costochondritis, herpes zoster, dry pleurisy, etc.
Acute bronchitis, angina pectoris, and esophageal diseases are all deep pains.
The clinical significance of chest pain is sometimes difficult to determine. Sometimes the disease is more serious. Such as lung cancer metastasized to the ribs showed persistent knife-like pain.

A woman got a flu

What are the symptoms of the flu?

By Flu

The symptoms of the flu are mainly reflected in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Influenza usually occurs in winter. May be localized community outbreaks, epidemic dissemination, or pandemics.

Influenza is a viral infection. It attacks your respiratory system. That is, the nose, throat and lungs. Influenza is often called the flu, but is different from the gastrointestinal “flu” virus that causes diarrhea and vomiting.

A man got a flu

Most people’s flu goes away on its own. But influenza and its complications can sometimes be fatal.

People at high risk

  1. Toddlers under the age of 5, especially those under 6 months
  2. Adults over 65
  3. People living in nursing homes and other long-term care
  4. facilities
  5. Pregnant women and women within two weeks of giving birth
  6. people with weakened immune systems
  7. native american
  8. People with chronic diseases such as asthma, heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease and diabetes
  9. People who are obese and have a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher

At first, the symptoms of the flu may look similar to the common cold, with rhinorrhea, sneezing, and a sore throat. But colds usually develop slowly, while the flu can come on suddenly. Colds are annoying, but in general, the flu is worse.

Common signs and symptoms of the flu

  1. fever
  2. Muscle pain
  3. chills and sweating
  4. Headache
  5. persistent dry cough
  6. shortness of breath
  7. fatigue and weakness
  8. runny or stuffy nose
  9. sore throat
  10. eye pain
  11. Vomiting and diarrhea, but this is more common in children than adults
People living in nursing homes
It is best to exercise 3-5 times a week for more than 20-30 minutes each time. Gradually increase

How to treat COPD?

By COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is still incurable. The patient’s condition can only be relieved by improving the living environment and medicines. The treatments of COPD need to pay more attention on.

Patients with COPD cannot inhale high concentrations of oxygen. The standard of oxygen therapy is to maintain the blood oxygen content range of 89-92%.

The main goals of treatment can be symptom improvement and risk reduction. In the stage of improving symptoms. The main purpose is to relieve symptoms. And improve exercise tolerance. Final improve quality of life and health status.

In this phase of risk reduction, the main goals are to prevent disease progression first. And prevent acute exacerbations. Finally reduce mortality.

Stop smoking and exposure to these places.

The treatment methods of COPD are mainly drug treatment and non-drug treatment.

Drug Treatment

Patients must take drug treatment on time according to the doctor’s instructions. Then they cannot stop or adjust the dose and frequency of the drug without authorization. In addition to regular medication, the correct inhalation of medication is the focus of treatment.

Patiens can take the initiative to confirm with the doctor or health education nursing staff. Whether they use the medicine correctly every time they return to the clinic. Commonly used drugs are:

Bronchodilator inhalation devices

  • pressure metered dose inhaler
  • metered dose inhaler
  • dry powder inhaler
  • Soft mist spray inhaler

Non-drug Treatment

Non-drug treatments are based on the following methods:

It is best to exercise 3-5 times a week for more than 20-30 minutes each time. Gradually increase

1. Quit smoking and stay away from secondhand smoke

Smoking is the main cause of COPD. In order to prevent the continued rapid deterioration of lung function. It is necessary to quit smoking.

2. Vaccination

Influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccines are recommended. In order to reduce the acute exacerbation of the disease. And reduce the chance of severe complications and death.

3. Nutritional care

Malnutrition can cause cachexia, sarcopenia, and weight loss. Then leading to decreased lung function and exercise capacity. And an increased risk of acute exacerbations.

4. Pulmonary rehabilitation

Pulmonary rehabilitation may include chest expansion exercises, hand lifts against gravity, cycling, and walking. They can improve exercise capacity and reduce the feeling of shortness of breath.

5. Breathing training

The use of correct breathing methods can improve breathing difficulties and activity, such as

  • pursed-mouth breathing (inhale through the nose, purse the mouth into a circular shape and slowly exhale the air)
  • abdominal breathing (the diaphragm drives breathing, and should be used when inhaling. The patient’s abdomen is bulging, and the abdomen is concave when exhaling).

6. Oxygen therapy

When the patient’s lungs have been unable to absorb enough oxygen from the air. They can use oxygen according to the doctor’s instructions. Buying a suitable oxygen concentrator can help a lot.

care of COPD

How to prevent COPD?

By COPD

Quitting smoking and avoiding exposure to secondhand smoke are the main preventions of COPD. Exposure to kitchen fumes, incense burners, and fumes from burning gold paper can also reduce lung function.

In high dust locations such as mines, employers must improve the environment to reduce dust inhalation. And regularly check workers’ lung function.The stronger the overall society’s willingness to control air pollution, the lower the prevalence.

It is best to exercise 3-5 times a week for more than 20-30 minutes each time. Gradually increase

1、Quit smoking

Smoking is a major risk factor for COPD. Without removing the cause, it is difficult to achieve good curative effect with drug treatment alone. Therefore, the key measure to prevent the occurrence and progression of COPD is smoking cessation.
To reduce the inhalation of occupational dust and chemical substances. Labor protection should be done for those who are exposed to occupational dust.

2、Reduce indoor air pollution

Avoid burning biofuels in poorly ventilated spaces. For example:

  • burning wood for cooking
  • heating an indoor fire
  • passive smoking

3、Prevent respiratory infections

Actively prevent and treat upper respiratory tract infections. Get the flu shot in the fall and winter. Avoid crowded places. Keep the room air fresh. Upper respiratory tract infection should be actively treated.

4、Strengthen your workouts

Choose the exercise method that suits you according to your own situation. E.g:

  • Walk
  • Jogging
  • Swim
  • Climb stairs
  • Climb mountains
  • Tai Chi
  • Dance
  • Holding something heavy in both hands
  • Exhale while lifting
6. Pay attention to your diet

5、Respiratory function exercise

An important goal in the preventions of COPD patients is to maintain good lung function. Only by maintaining good lung function can patients have better mobility and good quality of life.

Therefore, respiratory function exercise is very important. Patients can exercise lung function through the following concentrated methods:

  • Do breathing yoga
  • Breathing exercises
  • Deep and slow abdominal resistance breathing exercise
  • Sing
  • Whistle
  • Flute

6、Cold tolerance exercise

Reduced cold tolerance can lead to recurrent upper respiratory tract infections in COPD patients. Therefore, cold tolerance is also very important for them. Patients can take from the summer to wash their face with cold water. Adhere to outdoor activities every day to exercise cold tolerance.

2. Avoid contact with respiratory irritants

How to take care of COPD?

By COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a difficult-to-treat respiratory disease. Patients need to pay attention to the usual care of COPD. Thereby reducing the frequency of morbidity.

5. Strengthen exercise

1. Stop smoking

  • Stop smoking and exposure to these places.
  • Sealed
  • Crowded
  • Smoke, exhaust

2. Avoid contact with respiratory irritants

  • dust
  • pollen
  • air fragrance
  • pet dander
  • perfume
  • mothballs
  • powder for detergent supplies

3. Pay attention to air quality

Pay attention to keep warm can help care of COPD. When the weather is cold, it is best to wear a scarf or a mask when going out. Pay attention to outdoor air quality. Minimize going out when the air quality outside is poor.

6. Pay attention to your diet

4. Avoid infection

Masks should be worn when entering and leaving public places. And get vaccinated regularly.

5. Strengthen exercise

It is best to exercise 3-5 times a week for more than 20-30 minutes each time. Gradually increase activity endurance. However, the principle should be that it will not cause fatigue or discomfort. Walking is the best option.

6. Pay attention to your diet

Eat small, frequent meals. Reduce your intake of sugary foods. Limit salt intake. Cut down on foods that can cause gas. For example:

  • beans
  • radish
  • brocoli
  • onion
  • corn
  • kale

In order to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in the body and reduce the burden of breathing, the intake of these kinds of foods should be reduced. E.g:

  • starchy foods
  • spicy food
  • gas-producing foods
  • Carbohydrates (candy, desserts, sugar-sweetened beverages, and candied fruit)

Seek medical treatment immediately in case of the following situations:

  1. The phenomenon of shortness of breath is getting worse, difficulty breathing, wheezing, persistent cough or increased sputum volume
    More, the sputum is bloodshot with peculiar smell or the color is yellow or green.
  2. High fever, chills, chest tightness, irregular heartbeat.
  3. When shortness of breath occurs, please inhale a short-acting bronchodilator as soon as possible. If symptoms persist, seek medical attention immediately.
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